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FASTENERS, MEASUREMENTS AND CONVERSIONS

Fig. 1: Here are a few of the most common screw/bolt driver styles

Fig. 2: There are many different types of threaded retainers found on vehicles

Fig. 3: Threaded retainer sizes are determined using these measurements

Fig. 4: Special fasteners such as these Torx® head bolts are used by manufacturers to discourage people from working on vehicles without the proper tools

Fig. 5: Standard and metric bolt torque specifications based on bolt strengths — WARNING: use only as a guide

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