DIAGNOSIS

Starter Won't Crank The Engine

1. Dead battery.
2. Open starter circuit, such as:
   1. Broken or loose battery cables.
   2. Inoperative starter motor solenoid.
   3. Broken or loose wire from ignition switch to solenoid.
   4. Poor solenoid or starter ground.
   5. Bad ignition switch.
3. Defective starter internal circuit, such as:
   1. Dirty or burnt commutator.
   2. Stuck, worn or broken brushes.
   3. Open or shorted armature.
   4. Open or grounded fields.
4. Starter motor mechanical faults, such as:
   1. Jammed armature end bearings.
   2. Bad bearings, allowing armature to rub fields.
   3. Bent shaft.
   4. Broken starter housing.
   5. Bad starter drive mechanism.
   6. Bad starter drive or flywheel-driven gear.
5. Engine hard or impossible to crank, such as:
   1. Hydrostatic lock, water in combustion chamber.
   2. Crankshaft seizing in bearings.
   3. Piston or ring seizing.
   4. Bent or broken connecting rod.
   5. Seizing of connecting rod bearings.
   6. Flywheel jammed or broken.

Starter Spins Freely, Won't Engage

1. Sticking or broken drive mechanism.
2. Damaged ring gear.