Overtorquing (or undertorquing). While it is more common for overtorquing
to cause damage, undertorquing may allow a fastener to vibrate loose causing
serious damage. Especially when dealing with aluminum parts, pay attention
to torque specifications and utilize a torque wrench in assembly. If a torque
figure is not available, remember that if you are using the right tool to
perform the job, you will probably not have to strain yourself to get a fastener
tight enough. The pitch of most threads is so slight that the tension you
put on the wrench will be multiplied many times in actual force on what you
are tightening. A good example of how critical torque is can be seen in the
case of spark plug installation, especially where you are putting the plug
into an aluminum cylinder head. Too little torque can fail to crush the gasket,
causing leakage of combustion gases and consequent overheating of the plug
and engine parts. Too much torque can damage the threads or distort the plug,
changing the spark gap.
There are many commercial products available for ensuring that fasteners
won't come loose, even if they are not torqued just right (a very common
brand is Loctite(). If you're worried about getting something together tight
enough to hold, but loose enough to avoid mechanical damage during assembly,
one of these products might offer substantial insurance. Before choosing
a threadlocking compound, read the label on the package and make sure the
product is compatible with the materials, fluids, etc. involved.